Что означает иероглиф «Цзянь»?

Что означает иероглиф «Цзянь»?

Цзянь (jiàn)

У иероглифа «Цзянь» много значений. В данном романе используется одно из них, а именно: название вида летописи [history], например, «Цзычжи тунцзянь», «Ляофань ганцзянь», цзяньшу (история; историческая книга), тунцзянь, няньцзянь, туцзянь.

Исходя из этого значения, Альянс Лазурного Неба назвал удостоверения личности своих членов «Лазурное Небо Цзянь».

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Ниже приведены другие значения иероглифа «Цзянь». Любителям покопаться в словах будет интересно узнать:

Цзянь — это большой таз, также называемый цзяньчжу, который можно использовать для сбора чистой воды под луной. — «Шо вэнь». Сюй Хао говорит: «Цзянь в древности писался как «цзянь», состоящий из «минь» (посуда) для хранения воды. Позже из него отливали бронзу, и то, что использовалось для отражения формы, также называлось «цзянь», звук превратился в «цзин» (зеркало).

Цзянь называется зеркалом. — «Гуан я»

Заимствовать свет у цзянь, чтобы осветить. — «Хуайнань-цзы. Чжу шу»

Мое сердце не зеркало. — «Ши цзин. Бэй фэн. Бо чжоу»

У князя Лина из царства Вэй было три жены, которые купались в одном цзянь. — «Чжуан-цзы»

Весной начинают готовить цзянь. — «Чжоу ли»

Сейчас используется «цзянь». В «Шо вэнь», разделе «Цзинь» (металл), говорится: «Цзянь — это большой таз». Большой сосуд для воды. Первоначально цзянь был глиняным, то есть глиняным тазом. Бронзовые цзянь появились в середине периода Чуньцю, были наиболее популярны в конце периода Чуньцю и в период Сражающихся царств, и продолжали отливаться в Западной Хань. У цзянь было три функции: во-первых, хранить воду для использования в качестве зеркала, так называемые «брать людей в качестве зеркала» и «брать историю в качестве зеркала» являются производными от его функциональной роли. Во-вторых, хранить лед. В «Чжоу ли. Тянь гуань. Лин жэнь» записано: «Весной начинают готовить цзянь», в примечании объясняется: «Чтобы хранить лед, помещать еду внутрь, чтобы защитить от теплого воздуха». Видно, что функция такая же, как у современного холодильника. Самый известный пример — ледяной ларь из гробницы Цзэн Хоу И. В-третьих, использовать для купания.

Основные виды цзянь:

С двумя ручками и плоским дном: узкий край, прямая горловина, сужающаяся кверху, с плечиками, звериные головы в качестве ручек с кольцами, слегка выпуклое брюшко, плоское дно.

С четырьмя ручками и плоским дном: широкий край, сужающаяся горловина, выпуклое брюшко, плоское дно, две пары звериных голов в качестве ручек.

С четырьмя ручками и круглым основанием: узкий край, сужающаяся горловина, с плечиками, две пары звериных голов в качестве ручек, одна из которых с кольцами, другая — чисто декоративная, круглое брюшко, короткое круглое основание, этот вид меньше по размеру.

Квадратный с четырьмя ручками и круглым основанием: квадратное горло, сужающаяся горловина, круглое брюшко, четыре ручки в форме дракона, низкое квадратное круглое основание.

(4) Также, например, цзяньчжу (древнее устройство для сбора росы) и цзяньсуй (фанчжу и янсуй).

(5) Древнее китайское зеркало из бронзы [ancient bronze mirror]. Например, гуйцзянь, цзяньтай (подставка для зеркала), цзяньмин (чистая поверхность зеркала), цзяньва (вогнутое зеркало), цзяньтуань (выпуклое зеркало), цзяньтай (подставка для зеркала, туалетный столик).

(6) Урок, предостережение [warning].

Уроки из-за пределов клетки. — [англ.] Хаксли, перевод Янь Фу «Теория эволюции».

(7) Также, например, брать в качестве примера, «перевернутая передняя повозка — урок для задней», цзяньцзе (извлекать уроки из прошлого опыта).

(8) Название вида летописи [history], например, «Цзычжи тунцзянь», «Ляофань ганцзянь», цзяньшу (история; историческая книга), тунцзянь, няньцзянь, туцзянь.

Цзянь

(1) Цзянь

jiàn

(2) Наблюдать, исследовать [scrutinize].

Если Си достиг предела, то он не наблюдает. — «Люйши чуньцю. Ши инь»

Не мог слушать внимательно. — Тан. Ли Чжаовэй «История Лю И»

(3) Также, например, цзяньчэ (внимательно наблюдать), цзяньда жэнь (человек, наблюдающий за делами; человек, понимающий суть вещей), цзяньмао бяньсэ (наблюдать за выражением лица; действовать, ориентируясь на выражение лица), цзяньши (понимать суть вещей).

(4) Отражать [reflect]. Например, цзянь жэнь (отражать человека), вода чистая, как зеркало, цзяньвэй (видеть мельчайшие детали).

(5) Старый эпистолярный оборот, означающий просьбу к адресату прочитать письмо [may I draw your attention to the following]. Например, «к сведению господина такого-то», «хуэйцзянь», «цзюньцзянь».

(6) Урок, предостережение [warn].

Оплакивать это, но не учиться на этом. — Тан. Ду Му «Ода дворцу Эпан»

Цзяньбе (jiànbié) — [distinguish; differentiate; discriminate; evaluate] исследовать и различать.

Только сравнивая, можно различать.

Цзяньдин (jiàndìng)

(1) [appreciate; identify; authenticate; determine] Определять подлинность, качество вещи.

Он не мог оценить художественные особенности.

(2) [hallmark] Оценка достоинств и недостатков человека.

Два главных недостатка и два главных достоинства — вот оценка работы покойного судьи.

Цзяньцзе (jiànjiè) — [warning; object lesson] то, что может служить уроком.

Брать в качестве предостережения.

Цзяньлян (jiànliàng) — [pardon] понимать обстоятельства и прощать.

Примите извинения за неудобства.

Цзяньмао бяньсэ (jiànmào-biànsè) — [look at the face and distinguish its colors — to examine countenance] то же, что и «цзяньмао бяньсэ».

Только что, наблюдая за твоим выражением лица, я понял, что ты отличаешься от обычных людей. Помыслы благородного человека очевидны, и нет нужды разделять снег. — «Собрание Дуньхуанских текстов. История У Цзысюя»

Цзяньшан (jiànshǎng) — [appreciate] оценка и любование культурными реликвиями, произведениями искусства и т. д.

Открытие старинных домов для осмотра туристами.

Цзянь ван чжи лай (jiànwǎng-zhīlái) — [foresee the future by reviewing the past; in examining the past, we shall be able to know the future] наблюдая за прошлым, можно предвидеть будущее.

Цзяньюй (jiànyú)

(1) [in view of; in consideration of; in connection with; seeing that; in regard to] относительно; учитывая.

Учитывая его должность там.

(2) [in the light of] в связи с, согласно, на основании.

В свете текущих событий его аргументы кажутся вполне приемлемыми.

Цзяньюань (jiànyuán) — [pardon] понимать обстоятельства и прощать.

Прошу прощения за нарушение этикета.

Цзянь

(Цзянь)

jiàn

(1) Зеркало.

(2) Отражать свет. ~ может отражать человека.

(3) Наблюдать, исследовать. Различать. Определять. Любоваться. Учитывая (видеть, осознавать). К вашему сведению (эпистолярный оборот, означающий просьбу к адресату прочитать письмо. Также используется «хуэйцзянь», «цзюньцзянь»). Изучая прошлое, познавать будущее.

(4) То, что может служить уроком или предостережением. Урок. Предостережение. Урок прошлого.

Чжэнма: kdmp, Unicode: U+9274, GBK: bcf8

Количество черт: 13, ключ: «золото», порядок черт: 2231434112431

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